List of families at M and MSB
Families of seed plants found at M and MSB. This list is based on the current classification of plant families at M and MSB which is largely historical with some modifications. Recent updates are indicated. Recently segregated families not contained in the list are likely to be found in those families from which they were segregated. Some families contained in the list are not recognized any longer. When searching for genera of such families, their past and current familial association needs to be considered.
Families at M and MSB | Order | Currently accepted family | Rearranged and online | Storage |
---|---|---|---|---|
Acanthaceae | Lamiales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Aceraceae | Sapindales | Sapindaceae | ||
Achariaceae | Malpighiales | |||
Acoraceae | Acorales | 1 genus (Acorus L.) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Araceae) | |
Actinidiaceae | Ericales | ✓ (2024) | Separated in 2024 (prev. under Dilleniaceae) | |
Adoxaceae | Dipsacales | Viburnaceae | ✓ (Viburnaceae) | |
Aizoaceae | Caryophyllales | |||
Alismataceae | Alismatales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Alseuosmiaceae | Asterales | ✓ (2025) | Separated in 2024 (prev. under Ericaceae and Caprifoliaceae) | |
Alstroemeriaceae | Liliales | ✓ (2025) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Lilliaceae and Amaryllidaceae) | |
Alzateaceae | Myrtales | 1 genus (Alzatea Ruiz & Pav.) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Celastraceae) | |
Amaranthaceae | Caryophyllales | Amaranthaceae s.s. (2024 by Tina Kiedaisch) | ||
Amaryllidaceae | Asparagales | |||
Anacardiaceae | Sapindales | |||
Ancistrocladaceae | Caryophyllales | 1 genus (Ancistrocladus Wall.) | ||
Annonaceae | Magnoliales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Apiaceae | Apiales | ✓ (2025) | Formerly Umbelliferae | |
Apocynaceae (incl. Asclepidaceae) | Gentianales | ✓ (2024) | ||
Aponogetonaceae | Alismatales | 1 genus (Aponogeton L.f.) | ||
Aquifoliaceae | Aquifoliales | |||
Araceae | Alismatales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Araliaceae | Apiales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Argophyllaceae | Asterales | ✓ (2025) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Cornaceae and Saxifragaceae) | |
Aristolochiaceae (incl. Hydnoraceae and Lactoridaceae) | Piperales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Asclepiadaceae | Gentianales | Apocynaceae | ✓ (Apocynaceae) | |
Asphodelaceae | Asparagales | ✓ (2025) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Amaryllidaceae and Liliaceae) | |
Asteraceae | Asterales | Compositae | ||
Asteropeiaceae | Caryophyllales | 1 genus (Asteropeia Thouars) | Separated in 2024 (prev. under Theaceae) | |
Atherospermataceae | Laurales | ✓ (2025) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Monimiaceae) | |
Austrobaileyaceae | Austrobaileyales | 1 genus (Austrobaileya C.T.White) | ||
Balanophoraceae | Santanales | |||
Balanopaceae | Malpighiales | 1 genus (Balanops Bailon) | Formerly Balanopsidaceae | |
Balsaminaceae | Ericales | |||
Basellaceae | Caryophyllales | |||
Bataceae | Brassicales | 1 genus (Batis P.Browne) | Previously Batidaceae | |
Begoniaceae | Cucurbitales | |||
Berberidaceae | Ranunculales | |||
Betulaceae | Fagales | |||
Bignoniaceae | Lamiales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Bixaceae | Malvales | |||
Bombacaceae | Malvales | Malvaceae | ||
Bonnetiaceae | Malpighiales | ✓ (2024) | Separated in 2024 (prev. under Theaceae) | |
Boraginaceae s.str. | Boraginales | ✓ (2024) | ||
Brassicaceae | Brassicales | |||
Bromeliaceae | Poales | |||
Brunelliaceae | Oxalidales | 1 genus (Brunellia Ruiz &Pav.) | ||
Bruniaceae | Bruniales | |||
Burmanniaceae | Dioscoreales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Burseraceae | Sapindales | |||
Butomaceae | Alismatales | 1 genus (Butomus L.) | ||
Buxaceae | Buxales | |||
Byblidaceae | Lamiales | 1 genus (Byblis Salisb.) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Droseraceae) | |
Cabombaceae | Nymphaeales | ✓ (2025) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Nymphaeaceae) | |
Cactaceae | Caryophyllales | |||
Calceolariaceae | Lamiales | ✓ (2024) | Separated in 2024 (prev. under Scrophulariaceae) | |
Callitrichaceae | Lamiales | Plantaginaceae | ✓ (Plantaginaceae) | |
Calycanthaceae | Laurales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Calyceraceae | Asterales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Campanulaceae | Asterales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Campynemataceae | Liliales | ✓ (2025) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Amaryllidaceae) | |
Canellaceae | Canellales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Cannaceae | Zingiberales | 1 genus (Canna L.) | ||
Capparidaceae | Brassicales | Capparaceae | ||
Caprifoliaceae (incl. Dipsacaceae and Valerianaceae) | Dipsacales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Cardiopteridaceae | Cardiopetridales | ✓ (2024) | Separated in 2024 (prev. under Icacinaceae) | |
Caricaceae | Brassicales | |||
Carlemanniaceae | Lamiales | ✓ (2024) | ||
Caryocaraceae | Malpighiales | |||
Caryophyllaceae | Caryophyllales | |||
Casuarinaceae | Fagales | |||
Celastraceae | Celastrales | |||
Centrolepidaceae | Poales | |||
Cephalotaceae | Oxalidales | 1 genus (Cephalotuts Labill.) | ||
Ceratophyllaceae | Ceratophyllales | |||
Chenopodiaceae | Caryophyllales | Amaranthaceae | ||
Chlaenaceae | Malvales | Sarcolaenaceae | ||
Chloranthaceae | Chloranthales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Circaeasteraceae | Ranunculales | ✓ (2025) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Magnoliaceae) | |
Cistaceae | Malvales | ✓ (2021) | ||
Clethraceae | Ericales | ✓ (2024) | ||
Cneoraceae | Sapindales | Rutaceae? | 1 genus (Cneorum L.) | |
Cochlospermaceae | Malvales | Bixaceae | ||
Codonaceae | Boraginales | 1 genus (Codon L.) | Separated in 2024 (prev. under Boraginaceae) | |
Colchicaceae | Liliales | ✓ (2025) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Liliaceae) | |
Columelliaceae | Bruniales | |||
Combretaceae | Myrtales | ✓ (2024) | ||
Commelinaceae | Commelinales | |||
Compositae | Asterales | |||
Connaraceae | Oxalidales | |||
Convolvulaceae | Solanales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Cordiaceae | Boraginales | ✓ (2024) | Separated in 2024 (prev. under Boraginaceae) | |
Coriariaceae | Cucurbitales | 1 genus (Coriaria L.) | ||
Cornaceae | Cornales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Corynocarpaceae | Cucurbitales | 1 genus (Corynocarpus J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) | ||
Crassulaceae | Saxifragales | |||
Crossosomataceae | Crossosomatales | |||
Crypteroniaceae | Myrtales | ✓ (2024) | ||
Cucurbitaceae | Cucurbitales | |||
Cunoniaceae | Oxalidales | |||
Cupressaceae | Cupressales | |||
Curtisiaceae | Cornales | 1 genus (Curtisia Aiton.) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Cornaceae) | |
Cycadaceae | Cycadales | |||
Cyclanthaceae | Pandanales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Cymodoceaceae | Alismatales | ✓ (2025) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Potamogetonaceae) | |
Cynomoriaceae | Saxifragales | 1 genus (Cynomorium L.) | ||
Cyperaceae | Poales | |||
Cyrillaceae | Ericales | |||
Daphniphyllaceae | 1 genus (Daphniphyllum Blume) | Separated in 2024 (prev. under Euphorbiaceae) | ||
Datiscaceae | Cucurbitales | |||
Degeneriaceae | Magnoliales | 1 genus (Degeneria I.W.Bailey & A.C.Sm.) | ||
Diapensiaceae | Ericales | ✓ (2024) | ||
Dichapetalaceae | Malpighiales | |||
Didiereaceae | Caryophyllales | |||
Dilleniaceae | Dilleniales | |||
Dioscoreaceae | Dioscoreales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Dipsacaceae | Dipsacales | Caprifoliaceae | ✓ (Caprifoliaceae) | |
Dipterocarpaceae | Malvales | |||
Droseraceae | Caryophyllales | |||
Ebenaceae | Ericales | ✓ (2024) | ||
Ehretiaceae | Boraginales | ✓ (2024) | Separated in 2024 (prev. under Boraginaceae) | |
Elaeocarpaceae | Oxalidales | |||
Elatinaceae | Malpighiales | |||
Eleagnaceae | Rosales | |||
Empetraceae | Ericales | Ericaceae | ✓ (Ericaceae) | |
Epacridaceae | Ericales | Ericaceae | ✓ (Ericaceae) | |
Ephedraceae | Ephedrales | 1 genus (Ephedra Tourn. ex L.) | ||
Ericaceae (incl. Empetraceae, Epacridaceae and Pyrolaceae) | Ericales | ✓ (2024) | ||
Eriocaulaceae | Poales | |||
Erythroxylaceae | Malpighiales | |||
Eucommiaceae | Garryales | 1 genus (Eucommia Oliv.) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Cornaceae) | |
Eucryphiaceae | Oxalidales | Cunoniaceae | 1 genus (Eucryphia Cav.) | |
Euphorbiaceae | Malpighiales | |||
Eupomatiaceae | Magnoliales | 1 genus (Eupomatia R.Br.) | ||
Eupteleaceae | Ranunculales | 1 genus (Euptelea Siebold & Zucc.) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Trochodendraceae) | |
Fagaceae | Fagales | |||
Flacourtiaceae | Malpighiales | Mostly in Achariaceae and Salicaceae | ||
Flagellariaceae | Poales | 1 genus (Flagellaria L.) | ||
Fouquieriaceae | Ericales | 1 genus (Fouquieria Kunth) | ||
Francoaceae | Geraniales | |||
Frankeniaceae | Caryophyllales | 1 genus (Frankenia L.) | ||
Garryaceae | Garryales | ✓ (2025) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Cornaceae) | |
Geissolomataceae | Crossosomatales | 1 genus (Gesissoloma Lindl. ex Kunth) | ||
Gelsemiaceae | Gentianales | ✓ (2024) | Separated in 2024 (prev. under Boraginaceae & Loganiaceae) | |
Gentianaceae | Gentianales | ✓ (2024) | ||
Geraniacea | Geraniales | |||
Gesneriaceae | Lamiales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Globulariaceae | Lamiales | Plantaginaceae | ✓ (Plantaginaceae) | |
Gnetaceae | Gnetales | 1 genus (Gnetum L.) | ||
Gomortegaceae | Laurales | 1 genus (Gomortega Ruiz & Pav.) | ||
Gonystylaceae | Malvales | Thymelaeaceae? | ||
Goodeniaceae | Asterales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Griseliniaceae | Apiales | 1 genus (Griselinia G.Forst.) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Cornaceae) | |
Grubbiaceae | Cornales | 1 genus (Grubbia P.J.Bergius) | ||
Guttiferae | Malpighiales | Clusiaceae | ||
Gynkgoaceae | Gynkgoales | 1 genus (Ginkgo L.) | ||
Haemodoraceae | Commelinales | |||
Haloragaceae | Saxifragales | |||
Hamamelidaceae | Saxifragales | |||
Heliotropiaceae | Boraginales | ✓ (2024) | Separated in 2024 (prev. in Boraginaceae) | |
Hernandiaceae | Laurales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Himantandraceae | Magnoliales | 1 genus (Gaubulimia F.M.Bailey) | ||
Hippocastanaceae | Sapindales | Sapindaceae | ||
Hippocrateaceae | Celastrales | Celastraceae | ||
Huaceae | Oxalidales | |||
Humiriaceae | Malpighiales | |||
Hydatellaceae | Nymphaeales | 1 genus (Trithuria Hook.f.), following Sokoloff et al. 2008. | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Centrolepidaceae) | |
Hydnoraceae | Piperales | Aristolochiaceae | ✓ (Aristolochiaceae) | |
Hydrangeaceae | Cornales | ✓ (2025) | Separated in 2025 (prev. in Saxifragaceae) | |
Hydrocaryaceae | Myrtales | Lythraceae | ✓ (Lythraceae) | |
Hydrocharitaceae (incl. Najadaceae) | Alismatales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Hydroleaceae | Solanales | 1 genus (Hydrolea L.) | Separated in 2024 (prev. in Boraginaceae) | |
Hydrophyllaceae | Boraginales | ✓ (2024) | ||
Hydrostachyaceae | Cornales | 1 genus (Hydrostachys Thouars) | ||
Icacinaceae | Icacinales | ✓ (2024) | ||
Iridaceae | Asparagales | |||
Juglandaceae | Fagales | |||
Juncaceae | Poales | |||
Juncaginaceae | Alismatales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Koeberliniaceae | Brassicales | 1 genus (Koeberlinia Zucc.) | ||
Lacistemataceae | Malpighiales | |||
Lactoridaceae | Piperales | Aristolochiaceae | ✓ (Aristolochiaceae) | |
Lamiaceae | Lamiales | ✓ (2025) | Formerly Labiatae | |
Lardizabalaceae | Ranunculales | |||
Lauraceae | Laurales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Lecythidaceae (incl. Scytopetalaceae) | Ericales | ✓ (2024) | ||
Leguminosae-Cesalpinioideae | Fabales | Fabaceae | ||
Leguminosae-Mimosoideae | Fabales | Fabaceae | ||
Leguminosae-Papilionideae/Fabaceae | Fabales | Fabaceae | Astragalus (All specimens imaged: Daniele Buono 2023-2024) | |
Leitneriaceae | Sapindales | Simaroubaceae | ||
Lemnaceae | Alismatales | Araceae | ✓ (Araceae) | |
Lennoaceae | Boraginales | Ehretiaceae | 1 genus (Lennoa Lex.) | |
Lentibulariaceae | Lamiales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Liliaceae | Liliales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Limnanthaceae | Brassicales | |||
Linaceae | Malpighiales | |||
Linderniaceae | Lamiales | ✓ (2024) | Separated in 2024 (prev. under Scrophulariaceae) | |
Loasaceae | Cornales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Loganiaceae | Gentianales | ✓ (2024) | ||
Lophopyxidaceae | Malpighiales | 1 genus (Lophopyxis Hook.f.) | Separated in 2024 (prev. under Icacinaceae) | |
Loranthaceae | Santanales | |||
Lythraceae (incl. Hydrocaryaceae, Punicaceae, Sonneratiaceae) | Myrtales | ✓ (2024) | ||
Magnoliaceae | Magnoliales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Malesherbiaceae | Malpighiales | Passifloraceae | 1 genus (Malesherbia Ruiz & Pav.) | |
Malpighiaceae | Malpighiales | |||
Malvaceae | Malvales | |||
Marantaceae | Zingiberales | |||
Marcgraviaceae | Ericales | ✓ (2024) | ||
Martyniaceae | Lamiales | ✓ (2024) | ||
Mayacaceae | Poales | |||
Mazaceae | Lamiales | ✓ (2024) | Separated in 2024 (prev. under Scophulariaceae) | |
Melanthiaceae | Liliales | ✓ (2025) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Liliaceae) | |
Melastomataceae | Myrtales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Meliaceae | Sapindales | ✓ (2024) | ||
Melianthaceae | Geraniales | |||
Menispermaceae | Ranunculales | |||
Menyanthaceae | Asterales | ✓ (2025) | Separated in 2024 (prev. under Gentianaceae) | |
Metteniusaceae | Metteniusales | ✓ (2024) | Separated in 2024 (prev. under Icacinaceae) | |
Monimiaceae | Laurales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Montiniaceae | Solanales | ✓ (2025) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Saxifragaceae) | |
Moraceae | Rosales | |||
Moringaceae | Brassicales | 1 genus (Moringa Adans.) | ||
Musaceae | Zingiberales | |||
Myodocarpaceae | Apiales | ✓ (2025) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Araliaceae) | |
Myoporaceae | Lamiales | Scrophulariaceae | ✓ (Scrophulariaceae) | |
Myricaceae | Fagales | |||
Myristicaceae | Magnoliales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Myrothamnaceae | Gunnerales | 1 genus (Myrothamnus Welw.) | ||
Myrsinaceae | Ericales | Primulaceae | ✓ (Primulaceae) | |
Myrtaceae | Myrtales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Myzodendraceae | Santanales | Misodendraceae | 1 genus (Misodendrum Banks ex DC.) | |
Najadaceae | Alismatales | Hydrocharitaceae | 1 genus (Najas L.) | |
Namaceae | Boraginales | ✓ (2024) | Separated in 2024 (previously in Boraginaceae) | |
Nepenthaceae | Caryophyllales | 1 genus (Nepenthes L.) | ||
Nolanaceae | Solanales | Solanaceae | ✓ (Solanaceae) | |
Nyctaginaceae | Caryophyllales | |||
Nymphaeaceae | Nymphaeales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Nyssaceae | Cornales | ✓ (2025) | Separated in 2025 (previously in Cornaceae) | |
Ochnaceae | Malpighiales | |||
Olacaceae | Santanales | |||
Oleaceae | Lamiales | ✓ (2021) | ||
Oliniaceae | Myrtales | Penaeaceae | ✓ (Penaeaceae) | |
Onagraceae | Myrtales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Opiliaceae | Santanales | |||
Orchidaceae | Asparagales | |||
Orobanchaceae | Lamiales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Oxalidaceae | Oxalidales | |||
Pakaraimaea Maguire & P.S. Ashton | Malvales | Separated in 2024 (prev. under in Tiliaceae) | ||
Palmae | Arecales | Arecaceae | ||
Pandaceae | Malpighiales | |||
Pandanaceae | Pandanales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Papaveraceae | Ranunculales | |||
Passifloraceae | Malpighiales | |||
Paulowniaceae | Lamiales | 1 genus (Paulownia Siebold & Zucc.) following Olmstead 2021 | Separated in 2024 (prev. under Scrophulariaceae) | |
Pedaliaceae | Lamiales | ✓ (2024) | ||
Peltantheraceae | Lamiales | 1 genus (Peltanthera Benth.) following Olmstead 2021 and Ogutcen et al., 2021 | Separated in 2024 (prev. under Scrophulariaceae) | |
Penaeaceae (incl. Oliniaceae) | Myrtales | ✓ (2024) | ||
Pennantiaceae | Apiales | 1 genus (Pennantia J.R.Forster & G.Forster) | Separated in 2024 (prev. under Icacinaceae) | |
Pentaphragmataceae | Asterales | 1 genus (Pentaphragma Wall. ex A.DC.) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Campanulaceae) | |
Pentaphylacaceae | Ericales | ✓ (2024) | ||
Petermanniaceae | Liliales | 1 genus (Petermannia F.Muell.) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Dioscoreaceae) | |
Petrosaviaceae | Petrosaviales | ✓ (2025) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Liliaceae) | |
Phellinaceae | Asterales | 1 genus (Phelline Labill.) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Aquifoliaceae) | |
Philesiaceae | Liliales | ✓ (2025) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Liliaceae) | |
Phrymaceae | Lamiales | ✓ (2024) | ||
Phylidraceae | Commelinales | |||
Phytolaccaceae | Caryophyllales | |||
Pinaceae | Pinales | |||
Piperaceae | Piperales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Pittosporaceae | Apiales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Plantaginaceae (incl. Callitrichaceae and Globulariaceae) | Lamiales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Platanaceae | Proteales | |||
Plumbaginaceae | Caryophyllales | |||
Poaceae | Poales | |||
Podostemonaceae | Malpighiales | |||
Polemoniaceae | Ericales | ✓ (2024) | ||
Polygalaceae | Fabales | |||
Polygonaceae | Caryophyllales | |||
Pontederiaceae | Commelinales | |||
Portulacaceae | Caryophyllales | 1 genus (Portulaca L.) | ||
Posidoniaceae | Alismatales | 1 genus (Posidonia K.D.Koenig) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Potamogetonaceae) | |
Potamogetonaceae | Alismatales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Primulaceae | Ericales | ✓ (2024) | ||
Proteaceae | Proteales | |||
Punicaceae | Myrtales | Lythraceae | ✓ (Lythraceae) | |
Pyrolaceae | Ericales | Ericaceae | ✓ (Ericaceae) | |
Quiinaceae | Malpighiales | Ochnaceae | ||
Quillajaceae | Fabales | 1 genus (Quillaja Molina) | Stored under Rosaceae | |
Rafflesiaceae | Malpighiales | |||
Ranunculaceae | Ranunculales | |||
Rapateaceae | Poales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Resedaceae | Brassicales | |||
Restionaceae | Poales | |||
Rhamnaceae | Rosales | |||
Rhizophoraceae | Malpighiales | |||
Ripogonaceae | Liliales | 1 genus (Ripogonum J.R.Forst & G.Forst) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Liliaceae) | |
Roridulaceae | Ericales | 1 genus (Roridula Burm. ex L.) | Separated in 2024 (prev. under Droseraceae) | |
Rosaceae | Rosales | |||
Rousseaceae | Asterales | ✓ (2025) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Saxifragaceae) | |
Rubiaceae | Gentianales | ✓ (2024) | ||
Ruppiaceae | Alismatales | 1 genus (Ruppia L.) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Potamogetonaceae) | |
Rutaceae | Sapindales | |||
Sabiaceae | Proteales | |||
Salicaceae | Malpighiales | |||
Salvadoraceae | Brassicales | ✓ (2021) | ||
Santalaceae | Santanales | |||
Sapindaceae | Sapindales | |||
Sapotaceae | Ericales | ✓ (2024) | ||
Sarraceniaceae | Ericales | |||
Saururaceae | Piperales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Saxifragaceae | Saxifragales | |||
Scheuchzeriaceae | Alismatales | 1 genus (Scheuchzeria L.) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Juncaginaceae) | |
Schisandraceae | Austrobaileyales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Schlegeliaceae | Lamiales | ✓ (2024) | Separated in 2024 (prev. under Scrophulariaceae) | |
Scrophulariaceae (inlc. Myoporaceae) | Lamiales | ✓ (2024) | ||
Scytopetalaceae | Ericales | Lecythidaceae | ✓ (Lecythidaceae) | |
Simaroubaceae | Sapindales | |||
Siparunaceae | Laurales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Sladeniaceae | Ericales | ✓ (2024) | Separated in 2024 (prev. under Ericaceae) | |
Smilacaceae | Liliales | 1 genus (Smilax L.) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Liliaceae) | |
Solanaceae (incl. Nolanaceae) | Solanales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Sonneratiaceae | Myrtales | Lythraceae | ✓ (Lythraceae) | |
Sparginaceae | Poales | Typhaceae | 1 genus (Sparganium L.) | |
Sphenocleaceae | Solanales | 1 genus (Sphenoclea Gaertn.) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Campanulaceae | |
Stachyuraceae | Crossosomatales | 1 genus (Stachyurus Siebold & Zucc.) | ||
Stackhousiaceae | Celastrales | Celastraceae | 1 genus (Stackhousia Sm.) | |
Staphileaceae | Crossosomatales | Staphyleaceae | ||
Stemonaceae | Pandanales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Stemonuraceae | Cardiopetridales | ✓ (2024) | Separated in 2024 (prev. under Icacinaceae) | |
Sterculiaceae | Malvales | |||
Stilbaceae | Lamiales | ✓ (2024) | Separated in 2024 (prev. under Loganiaceae, Scrophulariaceae and Verbenaceae) | |
Stylidiaceae | Asterales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Styracaceae | Ericales | ✓ (2024) | ||
Symplocaceae | Ericales | ✓ (2024) | ||
Taccaceae | Dioscoreales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Tamaricaceae | Caryophyllales | |||
Taxaceae | Cupressales | |||
Tepuianthaceae | Malvales | Thymelaeaceae | 1 genus (Tepuianthus Maguire & Steyerm.) | |
Tetracentraceae | Trochodendrales | Trochodendraceae | ✓ (Trochodendraceae) | |
Tetrachondraceae | Lamiales | ✓ (2024) | ||
Tetrameristaceae | Ericales | ✓ (2024) | Separated in 2024 (prev. under Theaceae) | |
Theaceae | Ericales | ✓ (2024) | ||
Theophrastaceae | Ericales | Primulaceae | ✓ (Primulaceae) | |
Thismiaceae | Dioscoreales | ✓ (2025) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Burmanniaceae) | |
Thomandersiaceae | Lamiales | 1 genus (Thomandersia Baillon) | Separated in 2024 (prev. under Scrophulariaceae) | |
Thymelaeaceae | Malvales | |||
Ticodendraceae | Fagales | |||
Tiliaceae | Malvales | |||
Tofieldiaceae | Alismatales | ✓ (2025) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Liliaceae) | |
Torricelliaceae | Apiales | ✓ (2025) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Araliaceae and Cornaceae) | |
Tovariaceae | Brassicales | 1 genus (Tovaria Rui & Pav.) | ||
Tremandraceae | Oxalidales | Elaeocarpaceae | ||
Trichopodaceae | Dioscoreales | 1 genus (Trichopus Gaertn.) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Dioscoreaceae) | |
Trigoniaceae | Malpighiales | |||
Trimeniaceae | Austrobaileyales | 1 genus (Trimenia Seem.) | ||
Triplochitonaceae | Malvales | Malvaceae | 1 genus (Triplochiton K.Schum.) | |
Triuridaceae | Pandanales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Trochodendraceae (incl. Tetracentraceae) | Trochodendrales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Tropaeolaceae | Brassicales | 1 genus (Tropaeolum L.) | ||
Turneraceae | Malpighiales | Passifloraceae | ||
Typhaceae | Poales | |||
Ulmaceae | Rosales | |||
Urticaceae | Rosales | |||
Vahliaceae | Vahliales | 1 genus (Vahlia Thunb.) | Stored under Saxifragaceae | |
Valerianaceae | Dipsacales | Caprifoliaceae | ✓ (Caprifoliaceae) | |
Velloziaceae | Pandanales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Verbenaceae | Lamiales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Viburnaceae (incl. Adoxaceae) | Dipsacales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Violaceae | Malpighiales | |||
Vitaceae | Vitales | |||
Vochysiaceae | Myrtales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Wellstediaceae | Boraginales | 1 genus (Wellstedia Balfour f.) | ||
Welwitschiaceae | Gnetales | 1 genus (Welwitschia Hook.f.) | ||
Wightiaceae | Lamiales | 1 genus (Wightia Wall.) following Olmstead 2021 | Separated in 2024 (prev. under Scrophulariaceae) | |
Winteraceae | Canellales | ✓ (2025) | ||
Xeronemataceae | Asparagales | 1 genus (Xeronema Brongn. & Gris | Stored under Liliaceae | |
Xyridaceae | Poales | |||
Zingiberaceae | Zingiberales | |||
Zosteraceae | Alismatales | ✓ (2025) | Separated in 2025 (prev. under Potamogetonaceae) | |
Zygophyllaceae | Zygophyllales |
References
- Cheek, M., Soto Gomez, M., Graham, S.W., Rudall, O. (2024). Afrothismiaceae (Dioscoreales), a new fully mycoheterotrophic family endemic to tropical Africa. Kew Bull 79, 55–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-023-10124-w
- Lin, Q., Braukmann, T.W.A., Soto Gomez, M., Mayer, J.L.S., Pinheiro, F., Merckx, V.S.F.T., Stefanović, S. Graham, S.W. (2022). Mitochondrial genomic data are effective at placing mycoheterotrophic lineages in plant phylogeny. New Phytologist, 236, 1908-1921. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18335
- Ogutcen, E., Christe, C., Nishii, K., Salamin, N., Möller, M., Perret, M. (2021). Phylogenomics of Gesneriaceae using targeted capture of nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107068
- Olmstead, R.G. (2021) A Synoptical Classification of the Lamiales, Version 2.7.3
- Sokoloff, D.D., Remizowa, M.V., Macfarlane, T.D. and Rudall, P.J. (2008), Classification of the early-divergent angiosperm family Hydatellaceae: one genus instead of two, four new species and sexual dimorphism in dioecious taxa. Taxon, 57: 179-200. https://doi.org/10.2307/25065959
- Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 [and more or less continuously updated since].