Apocynaceae (incl. Asclepidaceae)
This list of genera was made in July 2024 according to World Flora Online, Plants of the World Online, Stevens 2001 onwards (APWeb), Endress et al. 2007, González-Martínez et al. 2024, Ionta & Judd (2007), Liede-Schumann et al. 2022, Liede-Schumann (2024) and Meve & Liede (2002). This list includes only genera present in our herbaria: M and MSB.
| All genera (accepted genera in bold) | Stored under | Synonyms included |
|---|---|---|
| Acokanthera G.Don | ||
| Adenium Roem. & Schult. | ||
| Aganosma (Blume) G.Don | ||
| Aidomene Stopp | Asclepias L. | |
| Alafia Thouars | Holalafia Stapf | |
| Allamanda L. | ||
| Allomarkgrafia Woodson | ||
| Alstonia R.Br. | Winchia A.DC., Tonduzia Pittier | |
| Alyxia R.Br. | Paralstonia Baill. | |
| Ambelania Aubl. | ||
| Amblyopetalum (Griseb.) Malme | Oxypetalum R.Br. | |
| Ampelamus Raf. | Mellichampia A.Gray ex S.Watson | |
| Amphineurion (A.DC.) Pichon (prev. under Aganosma (Blume) G.Don) | ||
| Amsonia Walter | ||
| Ancylobothrys Pierre | ||
| Anechites Griseb. | ||
| Angadenia Miers | ||
| Anisopus N.E.Br. | ||
| Anisotoma Fenzl | ||
| Anodendron A.DC. | ||
| Anthoclitandra (Pierre) Pichon | Landolphia P.Beauv. | |
| Aphanostelma Schltr. | Cynanchum L. | |
| Aphanostylis Pierre | Landolphia P.Beauv. | |
| Apocynum L. | ||
| Apteranthes J.C.Mikan (prev. under Caralluma R.Br.) | ||
| Araujia Brot. | Morrenia Lindl. | |
| Asclepias L. | Aidomene Stopp, Podostigma Elliott, Trachycalymma (K.Schum.) Bullock | |
| Aspidoglossum E.Mey. (prev. under Schizoglossum E.Mey.) | ||
| Aspidonepsis Nicholas & Goyder (prev. under Asclepias L.) | ||
| Aspidosperma Mart. & Zucc. | ||
| Astephanus R.Br. | ||
| Atherolepis Hook.f. | Finlaysonia Wall. | |
| Baissea A.DC. | ||
| Barjonia Decne. | ||
| Baynesia Bruyns | ||
| Beaumontia Wall. | ||
| Blepharodon Decne. | ||
| Boucerosia Wight & Arn. (prev. under Caralluma R.Br.) | Frerea Dalzell | |
| Bousigonia Pierre | ||
| Brachylepis Hook. & Arn. | Philibertia Kunth | |
| Brachystelma R.Br. | ||
| Buckollia Venter & R.L.Verh. (prev. under Curroria Planch. ex Benth.) | ||
| Cabucala Pichon | Petchia Livera | |
| Callichilia Stapf | ||
| Calocrater K.Schum. | ||
| Calostigma Decne. | Oxypetalum R.Br. | |
| Calotropis R.Br. | ||
| Cameraria L. | ||
| Camptocarpus Decne. | ||
| Caralluma R.Br. | ||
| Carissa L. | ||
| Carpodinus G.Don | Landolphia P.Beauv. | |
| Carruthersia Seem. | ||
| Carvalhoa K.Schum. | ||
| Catharanthus G.Don | ||
| Cerbera L. | Tanghinia Thouars | |
| Ceropegia L. | Dichaelia Harv., Tenaris E.Mey. | |
| Chilocarpus Blume | ||
| Chlorocyathus Oliv. (prev. under Raphionacme Harv.) | ||
| Chonemorpha G.Don | Rhynchodia Benth. & Hook.f. | |
| Cionura Griseb. | ||
| Clitandra Benth. | ||
| Condylocarpon Desf. | Rhipidia Markgr. | |
| Conomitra Fenzl (prev. under Glossonema Decne.) | ||
| Cordylogyne E.Mey. | ||
| Cosmostigma Wight | ||
| Couma Aubl. | ||
| Craspidospermum A.DC. | ||
| Cryptolepis R.Br. | Curroria Planch. ex Benth., Ectadiopsis Benth. & Hook.f., Mangenotia Pichon, Parquetina Baill. | |
| Cryptostegia R.Br. | ||
| Curroria Planch. ex Benth. | Cryptolepis R.Br. | |
| Cyathostelma E.Fourn. | Jobinia E.Fourn. | |
| Cycladenia Benth. | ||
| Cyclocotyla Stapf | ||
| Cynanchum L. | Aphanostelma Schltr., Enslenia Nutt., Folotsia Costantin & Bois, Glossonema Decne., Holostemma R.Br., Metaplexis R.Br., Pentarrhinum E.Mey., Rhaphistemum Walp., Roulinia Decne., Sarcostemma R.Br., Steinheilia Decne. | |
| Daemia Poir. | Pergularia L. | |
| Dalzielia Turrill | Marsdenia R.Br. | |
| Daturicarpa Stapf | Tabernanthe Baill. | |
| Decalepis Wight & Arn. | ||
| Delphyodon K.Schum. | Parsonsia R.Br. | |
| Dewevrella De Wild. | ||
| Dichaelia Harv. | Ceropegia L. | |
| Dictyanthus Decne. | ||
| Dictyophleba Pierre (prev. under Landolphia P.Beauv. & Carpodinus G.Don) | ||
| Dipladenia A.DC. | Mandevilla Lindl. | |
| Diplolepis R.Br. | Grisebachiella Lorentz | |
| Diplorhynchus Welw. ex Ficalho & Hiern | ||
| Diplostigma K.Schum. | Vincetoxicum Wolf | |
| Dischidia R.Br. | ||
| Ditassa R.Br. | ||
| Dittoceras Hook.f. | Heterostemma Wight & Arn. | |
| Dorystephania Warb. | Sarcolobus R.Br. | |
| Dregea E.Mey. | Stephanotis Thouars | |
| Duvalia Haw. | ||
| Ecdysanthera Hook. & Arn. | Urceola Roxb. | |
| Echidnopsis Hook.f. | ||
| Echites P.Browne | Fernaldia Woodson | |
| Ectadiopsis Benth. & Hook.f. | Cryptolepis R.Br. | |
| Ectadium E.Mey. | ||
| Edithcolea N.E.Br. | ||
| Ellertonia Wight | Kamettia Kostel. | |
| Elytropus Müll.Arg. | ||
| Enslenia Nutt. | Cynanchum L. | |
| Eustegia R.Br. | ||
| Excavatia Markgr. | Ochrosia Juss. | |
| Exolobus E.Fourn. | Gonolobus Michx. | |
| Farquharia Stapf (prev. under Holalafia Stapf) | ||
| Fernaldia Woodson | Echites P.Browne | |
| Fimbristemma Turcz. | Gonolobus Michx. | |
| Finlaysonia Wall. | Atherolepis Hook.f. | |
| Fischeria DC. | ||
| Fockea Endl. | ||
| Folotsia Costantin & Bois | Cynanchum L. | |
| Forsteronia G.Mey. | ||
| Frerea Dalzell | Boucerosia Wight & Arn. | |
| Funastrum E.Fourn. | ||
| Funtumia Stapf | ||
| Galactophora Woodson | ||
| Geissospermum Allemão | ||
| Genianthus Hook.f. (prev. under Secamone R.Br. & Toxocarpus Wight & Arn.) | ||
| Glossonema Decne. | Cynanchum L. | |
| Glossostelma Schltr. | ||
| Glossostephanus E.Mey. | Oncinema Arn. | |
| Gomphocarpus R.Br. | ||
| Gongronema (Endl.) Decne. | ||
| Gonioma E.Mey. | ||
| Gonolobus Michx. | Exolobus E.Fourn., Fimbristemma Turcz., Trichostelma Baill. | |
| Grisebachiella Lorentz | Diplolepis R.Br. | |
| Gymnema R.Br. | Poacynum Baill., Trachomitum Woodson | |
| Gymnolaema Benth. & Hook.f. | Sacleuxia Baill. | |
| Hancornia Gomes | ||
| Haplophyton A.DC. | ||
| Hemidesmus R.Br. | ||
| Hemipogon Decne. | ||
| Henrya Hemsl. | Vincetoxicum Wolf | |
| Heterostemma Wight & Arn. | Dittoceras Hook.f. | |
| Himatanthus Willd. ex Schult. | ||
| Holalafia Stapf | Alafia Thouars | |
| Holarrhena R.Br. | ||
| Holostemma R.Br. | Cynanchum L. | |
| Hoodia Sweet ex Decne. | Trichocaulon N.E.Br. | |
| Hoya R.Br. | ||
| Huernia R.Br. | ||
| Huerniopsis N.E.Br. | Piaranthus R.Br. | |
| Hunteria Roxb. | Polyadoa Stapf | |
| Ibatia Decne. | ||
| Ichnocarpus R.Br. | ||
| Ischnolepis Jum. & H.Perrier (prev. under Pentopetia Decne.) | ||
| Ischnostemma King & Gamble | Vincetoxicum Wolf | |
| Isonema R.Br. | ||
| Jasminanthes Blume (prev. under Stephanotis Thouars ) | ||
| Jobinia E.Fourn. | Cyathostelma E.Fourn. | |
| Kamettia Kostel. | Ellertonia Wight | |
| Kanahia R.Br. | ||
| Kibatalia G.Don | ||
| Kopsia Blume | ||
| Lachnostoma Kunth | ||
| Lacmellea H.Karst. | ||
| Lagarinthus E.Mey. | Schizoglossum E.Mey. | |
| Lagoa T.Durand | Petalostelma E.Fourn. | |
| Landolphia P.Beauv. | Anthoclitandra (Pierre) Pichon, Aphanostylis Pierre, Carpodinus G.Don | |
| Laseguea A.DC. | Mandevilla Lindl. | |
| Laubertia A.DC. | Streptotrachelus Greenm. | |
| Lavrania Plowes | ||
| Laxoplumeria Markgr. | ||
| Lepiniopsis Valeton | ||
| Leptadenia R.Br. | ||
| Leuconotis Jack | ||
| Lorostelma E.Fourn. | Tassadia Decne. | |
| Lugonia Wedd. | Philibertia Kunth | |
| Lygisma Hook.f. (prev. under Tylophora R.Br.) | ||
| Lyonsia R.Br. | Parsonsia R.Br. | |
| Macoubea Aubl. | ||
| Macropharynx Rusby | Peltastes Woodson | |
| Macroscepis Kunth | ||
| Macrosiphonia Müll.Arg. | Mandevilla Lindl. | |
| Madarosperma Benth. & Hook.f. | Tassadia Decne. | |
| Malinvaudia E.Fourn. | Matelea Aubl. | |
| Malouetia A.DC. | Robbia A.DC. | |
| Mandevilla Lindl. | Dipladenia A.DC., Laseguea A.DC., Macrosiphonia Müll.Arg. | |
| Mangenotia Pichon | Cryptolepis R.Br. | |
| Margaretta Oliv. | ||
| Marsdenia R.Br. | Dalzielia Turrill, Dregea E.Mey., Stephanotis Thouars | |
| Mascarenhasia A.DC. | ||
| Matelea Aubl. | Chthamalia Decne., Malinvaudia E.Fourn., Omphalophthalma H.Karst., Prosthecidiscus Donn.Sm., Trichosacme Zucc., Urostephanus B.L.Rob. & Greenm. | |
| Melinia Decne. | Philibertia Kunth | |
| Mellichampia A.Gray ex S.Watson | Ampelamus Raf. | |
| Melodinus J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. | ||
| Mesechites Müll.Arg. | ||
| Metaplexis R.Br. | Cynanchum L. | |
| Metastelma R.Br. | ||
| Micrechites Miq. | ||
| Microloma R.Br. | ||
| Microplumeria Baill. | ||
| Minaria T.U.P.Konno & Rapini (prev. under Ditassa R.Br.) | ||
| Miraglossum Kupicha (prev. under Schizoglossum E.Mey.) | ||
| Mitostigma Decne. | Philibertia Kunth | |
| Molongum Pichon | ||
| Mondia Skeels | ||
| Morrenia Lindl. | Araujia Brot. | |
| Mortoniella Woodson | ||
| Motandra A.DC. | ||
| Mucoa Zarucchi | ||
| Myriopteron Griff. | ||
| Nautonia Decne. | ||
| Neobracea Britton | ||
| Nephradenia Decne. | ||
| Nerium L. | ||
| Notechidnopsis Lavranos & Bleck | ||
| Ochrosia Juss. | Excavatia Markgr. | |
| Odontadenia Benth. | ||
| Omphalophthalma H.Karst. | Matelea Aubl. | |
| Oncinema Arn. (prev. under Apocynum L. & Glossostephanus E.Mey.) | Glossostephanus E.Mey. | |
| Oncinotis Benth. | ||
| Ophionella Bruyns | ||
| Orbea Haw. | Orbeopsis L.C.Leach, Stultitia E.Phillips | |
| Orbeopsis L.C.Leach | Orbea Haw. | |
| Orthanthera Wight | ||
| Orthopichonia (Stapf) H.Huber | ||
| Orthosia Decne. (prev. under Metastelma R.Br., Cynanchum L., Amphistelma Griseb.) | ||
| Oxypetalum R.Br. | Amblyopetalum (Griseb.) Malme, Calostigma Decne., Rhyssostelma Decne., Schistogyne Hook. & Arn. | |
| Oxystelma R.Br. | ||
| Pachycarpus E.Mey. | ||
| Pachypodium Lindl. | ||
| Pacouria Aubl. (prev. under Landolphia P.Beauv.) | ||
| Papuechites Markgr. | ||
| Parahancornia Ducke | ||
| Paralstonia Baill. | Alyxia R.Br. | |
| Parameria Benth. & Hook.f. | Urceola Roxb. | |
| Parapodium E.Mey. | ||
| Parquetina Baill. | Cryptolepis R.Br. | |
| Parsonsia R.Br. | Delphyodon K.Schum., Lyonsia R.Br. | |
| Peltastes Woodson | Macropharynx Rusby | |
| Pentalinon Voigt | Urechites Müll.Arg. | |
| Pentanura Blume | Phyllanthera Blume | |
| Pentarrhinum E.Mey. | Cynanchum L. | |
| Pentasacme Wight | ||
| Pentatropis Wight & Arn. | ||
| Pentopetia Decne. | ||
| Peplonia Decne. | ||
| Pergularia L. | Daemia Poir. | |
| Periploca L. | ||
| Petalostelma E.Fourn. | Lagoa T.Durand | |
| Petchia Livera (prev. under Alyxia R.Br.) | Cabucala Pichon | |
| Petopentia Bullock | ||
| Pherotrichis Decne. | ||
| Philibertia Kunth | Lugonia Wedd., Melinia Decne., Mitostigma Decne., Podandra Baill., Steleostemma Schltr., Brachylepis Hook. & Arn. | |
| Phyllanthera Blume | Pentanura Blume | |
| Piaranthus R.Br. | Huerniopsis N.E.Br. | |
| Picralima Pierre | ||
| Pinochia M.E.Endress & B.F.Hansen (prev. under Forsteronia G.Mey.) | ||
| Plectaneia Thouars | ||
| Pleiocarpa Benth. & Hook.f. | ||
| Pleioceras Baill. | ||
| Pleurostelma Baill. | Vincetoxicum Wolf | |
| Plumeria L. | ||
| Plumeriopsis Rusby & Woodson | Thevetia L. | |
| Poacynum Baill. | Gymnema R.Br. | |
| Podandra Baill. | Philibertia Kunth | |
| Podostigma Elliott | Asclepias L. | |
| Polyadoa Stapf | Hunteria Roxb. | |
| Pottsia Hook. & Arn. | ||
| Prestonia R.Br. | Rhodocalyx Müll.Arg. | |
| Prosthecidiscus Donn.Sm. | Matelea Aubl. | |
| Pseudolachnostoma Morillo (prev. under Matelea Aubl.) | ||
| Pteralyxia K.Schum. | ||
| Pycnobotrya Benth. & Hook.f. | ||
| Pycnostelma Decne. | Vincetoxicum Wolf | |
| Quaqua N.E.Br. | ||
| Raphionacme Harv. | ||
| Rauvolfia L. | ||
| Rhabdadenia Müll.Arg. | ||
| Rhaphistemum Walp. | Cynanchum L. | |
| Rhazya Decne. | ||
| Rhigospira Miers (prev. under Ambelania Aubl.) | ||
| Rhipidia Markgr. | Condylocarpon Desf. | |
| Rhodocalyx Müll.Arg. | Prestonia R.Br. | |
| Rhynchodia Benth. & Hook.f. | Chonemorpha G.Don | |
| Rhyssostelma Decne. | Oxypetalum R.Br. | |
| Riocreuxia Decne. | ||
| Robbia A.DC. | Malouetia A.DC. | |
| Roulinia Decne. | Cynanchum L. | |
| Ruehssia H.Karst. (prev. under Marsdenia R.Br.) | ||
| Saba (Pichon) Pichon | ||
| Sacleuxia Baill. | Gymnolaema Benth. & Hook.f. | |
| Sarcolobus R.Br. | Dorystephania Warb. | |
| Sarcostemma R.Br. | Cynanchum L. | |
| Schistogyne Hook. & Arn. | Oxypetalum R.Br. | |
| Schizoglossum E.Mey. | Lagarinthus E.Mey. | |
| Schizostephanus Benth. & Hook.f. | ||
| Schizozygia Baill. | ||
| Schubertia Mart. | ||
| Scyphostelma Baill. | ||
| Secamone R.Br. | ||
| Secondatia A.DC. | ||
| Sisyranthus E.Mey. | ||
| Skytanthus Meyen | ||
| Solenostemma Hayne | ||
| Sphaerocodon Benth. & Hook.f. | Vincetoxicum Wolf | |
| Spirolobium Baill. | ||
| Spongiosperma Zarucchi | ||
| Stapelia L. | ||
| Stapelianthus Choux ex A.C.White & B.Sloane | ||
| Stapeliopsis Pillans | ||
| Stathmostelma K.Schum. | ||
| Steinheilia Decne. | Cynanchum L. | |
| Steleostemma Schltr. | Philibertia Kunth | |
| Stemmadenia Benth. | Tabernaemontana L. | |
| Stenomeria Turcz. | Tassadia Decne. | |
| Stenostelma Schltr. | ||
| Stephanostegia Baill. | ||
| Stephanotis Thouars | Dregea E.Mey., Wattakaka Hasskarl | |
| Stigmatorhynchus Schltr. | ||
| Stipecoma Müll.Arg. | ||
| Stomatostemma N.E.Br. | ||
| Streptocaulon Wight & Arn. | ||
| Streptotrachelus Greenm. | Laubertia A.DC. | |
| Strophanthus DC. | ||
| Stultitia E.Phillips | Orbea Haw. | |
| Tabernaemontana L. | Stemmadenia Benth. | |
| Tabernanthe Baill. | Daturicarpa Stapf | |
| Tacazzea Decne. | Zacateza Bullock | |
| Talayotea L.O.Alvarado | ||
| Tassadia Decne. | Madarosperma Benth. & Hook.f., Lorostelma E.Fourn., Stenomeria Turcz. | |
| Tavaresia Welw. | ||
| Telosma Coville ex N.E.Br. | ||
| Temnadenia Miers | ||
| Tenaris E.Mey. | Ceropegia L. | |
| Thenardia Kunth | ||
| Thevetia L. | Plumeriopsis Rusby & Woodson | |
| Thoreauea J.K.Williams | ||
| Thyrsanthella (Baill.) Pichon (prev. under Trachelospermum Lem.) | ||
| Tonduzia Pittier | Alstonia R.Br. | |
| Toxocarpus Wight & Arn. | ||
| Trachelospermum Lem. | ||
| Trachomitum Woodson | Gymnema R.Br. | |
| Trachycalymma (K.Schum.) Bullock | Asclepias L. | |
| Treutlera Hook.f. | ||
| Trichocaulon N.E.Br. | Hoodia Sweet ex Decne. | |
| Trichosacme Zucc. | Matelea Aubl. | |
| Trichostelma Baill. | Gonolobus Michx. | |
| Tridentea Haw. | ||
| Tromotriche Haw. | ||
| Tweedia Hook. & Arn. | ||
| Tylophora R.Br. | Vincetoxicum Wolf | |
| Tylophoropsis N.E.Br. | Vincetoxicum Wolf | |
| Urceola Roxb. | Ecdysanthera Hook. & Arn., Parameria Benth. & Hook.f. | |
| Urechites Müll.Arg. | Pentalinon Voigt | |
| Urnularia Stapf | Willughbeia Roxb. | |
| Urostephanus B.L.Rob. & Greenm. | Matelea Aubl. | |
| Vahadenia Stapf | ||
| Vailia Rusby | ||
| Vallaris Burm.f. | ||
| Vallesia Ruiz & Pav. | ||
| Vinca L. | ||
| Vincetoxicum Wolf | Diplostigma K.Schum., Ischnostemma King & Gamble, Pleurostelma Baill., Pycnostelma Decne., Sphaerocodon Benth. & Hook.f., Tylophora R.Br., Tylophoropsis N.E.Br., Henrya Hemsl. | |
| Voacanga Thouars | ||
| Wattakaka Hassk. | Stephanotis Thouars | |
| Willughbeia Roxb. | Urnularia Stapf | |
| Winchia A.DC. | Alstonia R.Br. | |
| Wrightia R.Br. | ||
| Xysmalobium R.Br. | ||
| Zacateza Bullock | Tacazzea Decne. | |
| Zygostelma Benth. |
References
- Endress, M. E., van der Ham, R. W. J. M., Nilsson, S., Civeyrel, L., Chase, M. W., Sennblad, B., Potgieter, K., Joseph, J., Powell, M., Lorence, D., Zimmerman, Y.-M., Albert, V. A. (2007). A phylogenetic analysis of Alyxieae (Apocynaceae) based on rbcL, matK, trnL Intron, trnL-F spacer sequences, and morphological characters. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 94(1), 1–35. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40035492
- González-Martínez, C. A., Lozada-Pérez, L., Olson, M., Alvarado-Cardenas, L. (2024). Systematics of Urostephanus: resurrection of a Mesoamerican taxon of Gonolobinae (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae), with eight new combinations. Acta Botanica Mexicana, 131: e2302. https://doi.
org/10.21829/abm131.2024.2302 - Ionta, G.M., Judd, W.S. (2007). Phylogenetic relationships in Periplocoideae (Apocynaceae s.l.) and insights into the origin of pollinia. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 94(2), 360-375. https://doi.org/10.3417/0026-6493(2007)94[360:PRIPAS]2.0.CO;2
- Liede-Schumann, S., Reuss, S.J., Meve, U., Gâteblé, G., Livshultz, T., Forster, P.I., Wanntorp, L. and Rodda, M. (2022). Phylogeny of Marsdenieae (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae) based on chloroplast and nuclear loci, with a conspectus of the genera. Taxon, 71, 833-875. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12713
- Liede-Schumann, S. (2024). The Apocynaceae TEN (Taxonomic Expert Network). Taxon. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.13220
- Meve, U., Liede, S. A. (2002). Molecular phylogeny and generic rearrangement of the stapelioid Ceropegieae (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae). Plant Systematics and Evolution, 234, 171–209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-002-0220-2
- Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 [and more or less continuously updated since].
Foto: Adenium Roem. & Schult. © Max Mollenhauer