Arecaceae
This list of genera was made in October 2025 according to World Flora Online, Plants of the World Online, PALMWeb, Alapetite et al. 2014, Bacon et al. 2012 and 2013, Baker (2015), Baker et al. 2011, Baker & Dransfield 2016, Barrett et al. 2015 and 2019, Eiserhardt et al. 2022, Hodel et al. 2021, Kadam et al. 2022 and 2023, Meerow et al. 2014, Norup et al. 2006, Perez-Calle et al. 2024, Wrisberg et al. 2025, Yao et al. 2023, and Zona & Baker (2014). This list includes only genera present in our herbaria: M and MSB.
| All genera (accepted genera in bold) | Stored under | Synonyms included |
|---|---|---|
| Acanthophoenix H.Wendl. | ||
| Acoelorraphe H.Wendl. | ||
| Acrocomia Mart. | ||
| Actinorhytis H.Wendl. & Drude | ||
| Aiphanes Willd. (prev. under Martinezia Ruiz & Pav.) | ||
| Allagoptera Nees (prev. under Diplothemium Mart., Polyandrococos Barb.Rodr.) | Diplothemium Mart., Polyandrococos Barb.Rodr. | |
| Ancistrophyllum (G.Mann & H.Wendl.) H.Wendl. | Laccosperma (G.Mann & H.Wendl.) Drude | |
| Archontophoenix H.Wendl. & Drude | ||
| Areca L. | ||
| Arecastrum (Drude) Becc. | Syagrus Mart. | |
| Arenga Labill. ex DC. | Didymosperma H.Wendl. & Drude ex Hook.f. | |
| Arikuryroba Barb.Rodr. | Syagrus Mart. | |
| Asterogyne H.Wendl. ex Hook.f. | ||
| Astrocaryum G.Mey. | ||
| Attalea Kunth | Maximiliana Mart., Orbignya Mart. ex Endl., Scheelea H.Karst. | |
| Bactris Jacq. ex Scop. | ||
| Bentinckia Berry ex Roxb. | ||
| Borassus L. | ||
| Brahea Mart. | ||
| Butia (Becc.) Becc. | ||
| Calamus L. | Ceratolobus Blume ex Schult. & Schult.f. | |
| Calyptrogyne H.Wendl. | ||
| Calyptronoma Griseb. | ||
| Caryota L. | ||
| Catoblastus H.Wendl. | Wettinia Poepp. ex Endl. | |
| Ceratolobus Blume ex Schult. & Schult.f. | Calamus L. | |
| Ceroxylon Bonpl. ex DC. | ||
| Chamaedorea Willd. | Collinia (Liebm.) Oerst., Dasystachys Oerst., Eleutheropetalum (H.Wendl.) H.Wendl. ex Oerst., Morenia Ruiz & Pav. | |
| Chamaerops L. | ||
| Chrysalidocarpus H.Wendl. | Neodypsis Baill. | |
| Clinostigma H.Wendl. | ||
| Coccothrinax Sarg. | Thringis O.F.Cook | |
| Cocos L. | ||
| Coelococcus H.Wendl. | Metroxylon Rottb. | |
| Collinia (Liebm.) Oerst. | Chamaedorea Willd. | |
| Colpothrinax Schaedtler | ||
| Copernicia Mart. ex Endl. | ||
| Corypha L. | ||
| Cryosophila Blume (prev. under Chamaerops L.) | ||
| Cyrtostachys Blume | ||
| Dasystachys Oerst. | Chamaedorea Willd. | |
| Deckenia H.Wendl. ex Seem. | ||
| Desmoncus Mart. | ||
| Dictyosperma H.Wendl. & Drude | ||
| Didymosperma H.Wendl. & Drude ex Hook.f. | Arenga Labill. ex DC. | |
| Diplothemium Mart. | Allagoptera Nees | |
| Drymophloeus Zipp. | ||
| Dypsis Noronha ex Mart. | Phloga Noronha ex Hook.f. | |
| Elaeis Jacq. | ||
| Eleutheropetalum (H.Wendl.) H.Wendl. ex Oerst. | Chamaedorea Willd. | |
| Eremospatha (G.Mann & H.Wendl.) Schaedtler | ||
| Euterpe Mart. | ||
| Gaussia H.Wendl. | ||
| Geonoma Willd. | ||
| Heterospathe Scheff. (prev. under Ptychoraphis Becc.) | ||
| Hydriastele H.Wendl. & Drude | Kentia Blume | |
| Hyophorbe Gaertn. | ||
| Hyospathe Mart. | ||
| Hyphaene Gaertn. | ||
| Iguanura Blume | ||
| Inodes O.F.Cook | Sabal Adans. | |
| Iriartea Ruiz & Pav. | ||
| Iriartella H.Wendl. (prev. under Iriartea Ruiz & Pav.) | ||
| Jessenia H.Karst. | Oenocarpus Mart. | |
| Juania Drude | ||
| Jubaea Kunth | ||
| Kentia Blume | Hydriastele H.Wendl. & Drude | |
| Korthalsia Blume | ||
| Laccosperma (G.Mann & H.Wendl.) Drude (prev. under Ancistrophyllum (G.Mann & H.Wendl.) H.Wendl.) | Ancistrophyllum (G.Mann & H.Wendl.) H.Wendl. | |
| Lanonia A.J.Hend. & C.D.Bacon (prev. under Licuala Wurmb) | ||
| Latania Comm. ex Juss. | ||
| Leopoldinia Mart. | ||
| Lepidocaryum Mart. | ||
| Leucothrinax C.Lewis & Zona (prev. under Thrinax L.f. ex Sw.) | ||
| Licuala Wurmb | ||
| Linospadix H.Wendl. | ||
| Livistona R.Br. | ||
| Manicaria Gaertn. | ||
| Martinezia Ruiz & Pav. | Prestoea Hook.f. Hook.f. | |
| Mauritia L.f. | ||
| Mauritiella Burret (prev. under Mauritia L.f.) | ||
| Maximiliana Mart. | Attalea Kunth | |
| Metroxylon Rottb. | Coelococcus H.Wendl. | |
| Microcoelum Burret & Potztal | Syagrus Mart. | |
| Morenia Ruiz & Pav. | Chamaedorea Willd. | |
| Myrialepis Becc. (prev. under Plectocomiopsis Becc.) | ||
| Nannorrhops H.Wendl. | ||
| Nenga H.Wendl. & Drude | ||
| Neodypsis Baill. | Chrysalidocarpus H.Wendl. | |
| Neoveitchia Becc. | ||
| Nypa Steck | ||
| Oenocarpus Mart. | Jessenia H.Karst. | |
| Oncosperma Blume | ||
| Orania Zipp. | Dypsis Noronha ex Mart. | |
| Orbignya Mart. ex Endl. | Attalea Kunth | |
| Oreodoxa Willd. | Prestoea Hook.f. | |
| Palandra O.F.Cook | Phytelephas Ruiz & Pav. | |
| Phloga Noronha ex Hook.f. | ||
| Phoenix L. | ||
| Pholidocarpus Blume | ||
| Pholidostachys H.Wendl. ex Benth. & Hook.f. (prev. under Calyptrogyne H.Wendl.) | ||
| Phytelephas Ruiz & Pav. | Palandra O.F.Cook | |
| Pinanga Blume | ||
| Plectocomia Mart. ex Blume | ||
| Plectocomiopsis Becc. | ||
| Podococcus G.Mann & H.Wendl. | ||
| Polyandrococos Barb.Rodr. | Allagoptera Nees | |
| Prestoea Hook.f. | Martinezia Ruiz & Pav., Oreodoxa Willd. | |
| Pritchardia Seem. & H.Wendl. | ||
| Pseudophoenix H.Wendl. ex Sarg. | ||
| Ptychoraphis Becc. | Rhopaloblaste Scheff. | |
| Ptychosperma Labill. | ||
| Raphia P.Beauv. | ||
| Ravenea H.Wendl. ex C.D.Bouché | ||
| Reinhardtia Liebm. | ||
| Rhapidophyllum H.Wendl. & Drude | ||
| Rhapis L.f. ex Aiton | ||
| Rhopaloblaste Scheff. | Ptychoraphis Becc. | |
| Rhopalostylis H.Wendl. & Drude (prev. under Kentia Blume) | ||
| Roystonea O.F.Cook (prev. under Oreodoxa Willd.) | ||
| Sabal Adans. | Inodes O.F.Cook | |
| Salacca Reinw. | ||
| Saribus Blume (prev. under Livistona R.Br.) | ||
| Scheelea H.Karst. | Attalea Kunth | |
| Serenoa Hook.f. | ||
| Socratea H.Karst. (prev. under Iriartea Ruiz & Pav.) | ||
| Syagrus Mart. | Arecastrum (Drude) Becc., Arikuryroba Barb.Rodr., Microcoelum Burret & Potztal | |
| Synechanthus H.Wendl. | ||
| Thrinax L.f. ex Sw. | ||
| Thringis O.F.Cook | Coccothrinax Sarg. | |
| Trachycarpus H.Wendl. | ||
| Trithrinax Mart. | ||
| Veitchia H.Wendl. | ||
| Wallichia Roxb. | ||
| Washingtonia H.Wendl. | ||
| Wettinia Poepp. ex Endl. | Catoblastus H.Wendl. |
References
- Alapetite, E., Baker, W.J., Nadot, S. (2014). Evolution of stamen number in Ptychospermatinae (Arecaceae): Insights from a new molecular phylogeny of the subtribe. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 76, 227-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.026
- Bacon, C.D., McKenna, M.J., Simmons, M.P., Wagner, W.L. (2012). Evaluating multiple criteria for species delimitation: an empirical example using Hawaiian palms (Arecaceae: Pritchardia). BMC Evolutionary Biology, 12, 23. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-12-23
- Bacon, C.D., Mora, A., Wagner, W.L., Jaramillo, C.A. (2013). Testing geological models of evolution of the Isthmus of Panama in a phylogenetic framework. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 171, 1, 287–300. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2012.01281.x
- Baker, W.J. (2015). A revised delimitation of the rattan genus Calamus (Areceaceae). Phytotaxa, 192, 2. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.197.2.7
- Baker, W.J., Dransfield, J. (2016). Beyond Genera Palmarum: progress and prospects in palm systematics, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 182, 2, 207–233. https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12401
- Baker, W.J., Norup, M.V.,Clarkson, J.J., Couvreur, T.L.P, Dowe, J.L., Lewis, C.E., Pintaud, J-C., Savolainen, V., Wilmot, T., Chase, M.W. (2011). Phylogenetic relationships among arecoid palms (Arecaceae: Arecoideae). Annals of Botany, 108, 8, 1417–1432. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcr020
- Barrett, C.F., Baker, W.J., Comer, J.R., Conran, J.G., Lahmeyer, S.C., Leebens-Mack, J.H., Li, J., Lim, G.S., Mayfield-Jones, D.R., Perez, L., Medina, J., Pires, J.C., Santos, C., Wm. Stevenson, D., Zomlefer, W.B. and Davis, J.I. (2016). Plastid genomes reveal support for deep phylogenetic relationships and extensive rate variation among palms and other commelinid monocots. New Phytologist, 209, 855-870. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13617
- Barrett, C.F., Sinn, B.T., King, L.T., Medina, J.C., Bacon, C.D., Lahmeyer, S.C, Hodel, D.R. (2019). Phylogenomics, biogeography and evolution in the American genus Brahea (Arecaceae), Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 190, 3, 242–259. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boz015
- Eiserhardt, W., Bellot, S., Cowan, R.S., Dransfield, J., Hansen, L.E.S.F., Heyduk, K., Rabarijaona, R.N., Rakotoarinivo, M., Baker, W.J. (2022). Phylogenomics and generic limits of Dypsidinae (Arecaceae), the largest palm radiation in Madagascar. Taxon, 71, 1170-1195. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12797
- Hodel, D.R., Baker, W.J., Bellot, S., Pérez-Calle, V., Cumberledge, A., Barret, C.F. (2021). Reassessment of the Archotophoenicinae of New Caledonia and description of a new species. Palms, 65, 3, 109-131.
- Kadam, S.K., Mane, R.N., Tamboli, A.S., Gavade, S.K., Deshmukh, P.V., Lekhak, M.M., Choo, Y.-S., Pak, J. H. (2023). Cytogenetics, Typification, Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeography of Bentinckia (Arecoideae, Arecaceae), an Unplaced Indian Endemic Palm from Areceae. Biology, 12, 2, 233. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12020233
- Kadam, S.K., Tamboli, A.S., Mane, R.N. Yadav, S.R., Choo, Y-S., Burgos-Hernández, M., Hong Pak, J. (2022). Revised molecular phylogeny, global biogeography, and diversification of palms subfamily Coryphoideae (Arecaceae) based on low copy nuclear and plastid regions. Journal of Plant Research 136, 159–177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-022-01425-5
- Meerow, A.W., Noblick, L., Salas-Leiva, D.E., Sanchez, V., Francisco-Ortega, J., Jestrow, B., Nakamura, K. (2015). Phylogeny and historical biogeography of the cocosoid palms (Arecaceae, Arecoideae, Cocoseae) inferred from sequences of six WRKY gene family loci. Cladistics, 31, 509-534. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12100
- Norup, M.V., Dransfield, J., Chase, M.W., Barfod, A.S., Fernando, E.S. and Baker, W.J. (2006). Homoplasious character combinations and generic delimitation: a case study from the Indo-Pacific arecoid palms (Arecaceae: Areceae). American Journal of Botany, 93, 1065-1080. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.93.7.1065
- Pérez-Calle, V., Bellot, S., Kuhnhäuser, B.G., Pillon, Y., Forest, F., Leitch, I.J., Baker, W.J. (2024). Phylogeny, biogeography and ecological diversification of New Caledonian palms (Arecaceae), Annals of Botany, 134, 1, 85–100, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcae043
- Wrisberg, O., Petoe, P., de Lima Ferreira, P., Bacon, C.D., Barfod, A.S., Bellot, S., Cano, Á., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dransfield, J., Henderson, A., Stauffer, F.W., Baker, W.J., Eiserhardt, W. (2025), A densely sampled nuclear phylogenomic analysis of the coryphoid palms (Arecaceae: Coryphoideae). Taxon, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.13384
- Yao, G., Zhang, Y-Q., Barrett, C., Xue, B., Bellot, S., Baker, W.J., Ge, X-J. (2023). A plastid phylogenomic framework for the palm family (Arecaceae). BMC Biology, 21, 50. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-023-01544-y
- Zona, S., Baker, W.J. (2014). Solfia transferred to Balaka. Palms, 58, 4.
Foto: Raphia P.Beauv. © Luo Chen